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Forenede Kongerige Danmark og Norge (Danemark) | ||||
| State union | ||||
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| Region | Scandinavia | |||
| Capital | Copenhagen | |||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | |||
| Monarch | ||||
| - 1523-1533 | Frederick I | |||
| - 1533-1559 | Christian III | |||
| - 1559-1588 | Frederick II | |||
| - 1588-1648 | Christian IV | |||
| - 1648-1670 | Frederick III | |||
| - 1670-1699 | Christian V | |||
| History | ||||
| - January 20, 1523 | Frederick I is crowned King | |||
| - September 3, 1814 | Swedish invasion of Norway | |||
| Currency | Danish rigsdaler, Norwegian rigsdaler | |||
| v | ||||
The United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway (1523-1814) often shorten to Denmark and Norway was a state union between Sweden and Norway. In 1814 Denmark ceded sovereignty of Norway over to Sweden in the Treaty of Kiel. The loss of Finland to Russia, by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809 fuelled the Swedish demands for compensation, and the Danish defeat in the Napoleonic Wars enabled Sweden to demand Norway as compensation in exchange for Swedish Pomerania (₳|₩).
Background
Denmark–Norway (Danish and Norwegian: Danmark–Norge), also known as the Dano-Norwegian Realm (Det dansk-norske rige), Twin Realms (Tvillingerigerne) or the Oldenburg Monarchy (Oldenburg-monarkiet) was an early modern multi-national and multi-lingual real union consisting of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Norway (including then the Norwegian overseas possessions: the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, and other possessions), the Duchy of Schleswig, and the Duchy of Holstein. The state also claimed sovereignty over three historical peoples: Frisians, Gutes and Wends. Denmark–Norway had several colonies, namely the Danish Gold Coast, the Nicobar Islands, Serampore, Tharangambadi, and the Danish West Indies.
The state's inhabitants were mainly Danes, Norwegians, and Germans, and also included Faroese, Icelanders and Inuit in the Norwegian overseas possessions, a Sami minority in northern Norway, as well as other indigenous peoples. The main cities of Denmark–Norway were Copenhagen, Christiania (Oslo), Altona, Bergen and Trondheim, and the primary official languages were Danish and German, but Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese, Sami and Greenlandic were also spoken locally.
In 1380, Olaf II of Denmark inherited the Kingdom of Norway, titled as Olaf IV, after the death of his father Haakon VI of Norway, who was married to Olaf's mother Margrete I. Margrete I was ruler of Norway from her son's death in 1387 until her own death in 1412. Denmark, Norway, and Sweden established and formed the Kalmar Union in 1397. Following Sweden's departure in 1523, the union was effectively dissolved. From 1536/1537, Denmark and Norway formed a personal union that would eventually develop into the 1660 integrated state called Denmark–Norway by modern historians, at the time sometimes referred to as the "Twin Kingdoms", "the Monarchy", or simply "His Majesty".[citation needed] Prior to 1660, Denmark–Norway was de jure a constitutional and elective monarchy in which the King's power was somewhat limited; in that year it became one of the most stringent absolute monarchies in Europe.
The Dano-Norwegian union lasted until 1814, when the Treaty of Kiel decreed that Norway (except for the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland) be ceded to Sweden. The treaty however was not recognised by Norway, which resisted the attempt in the 1814 Swedish–Norwegian War. Norway thereafter entered into a much looser personal union with Sweden until 1905, when that union was dissolved and both kingdoms became independent.[1]
Monarch
- Frederick I (₩) (January 20, 1523 - April 10, 1533)
- Christian III (₩) (April 10, 1533 - January 1, 1559)
- Frederick II (₩) (January 1, 1559 - April 4, 1588)
- Christian IV (₩) (April 4, 1588 - February 28, 1648)
- Frederick III (₩) (February 28, 1648 - February 9, 1670)
- Christian V (₩) (February 9, 1670 - August 25, 1699)
- Frederick IV (₩) (August 25, 1699 - October 12, 1730)
- Christian VI (₩) (October 12, 1730 - August 6, 1746)
- Frederick V (₩) (August 6, 1746 - January 14, 1766)
- Christian VII (₩) (January 14, 1766 - March 13, 1808)
- Frederick VI (₩) (March 13, 1808 - September 3, 1814)
Nation
- Template loop detected: Template:Denmark-Norway
Template loop detected: Template:Denmark-Norway
Kingdom of Sweden (From 1905)- Kingdom of Norway (From 1905)
- Kingdom of Denmark: Denmark (From 1945)
Template loop detected: Template:Denmark-Norway
References
- ↑ The CIA World Factbook: Introduction - Background